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A field column holds whatever you type or paste into it. Pick its type when you add it, and change that type again later.
The Add column menu with its Type in values list open, showing Text, Paragraph, Number, Currency, Date, URL, Email and Image from URL above a line, then Checkbox, Select and Multi-select below it.

The Add column menu with its Type in values list open.

Pick a type

Click Add column and hover Type in values. The list shows the everyday value types first, then a line, then the types whose value is one choice from a set.
  • Text, Paragraph, Number, Currency, Date, URL, Email, Image from URL
  • Checkbox, Select, Multi-select, Assigned to

Change a column’s type

Open the column’s header menu, hover Change type and pick a new type. A value the new type can still hold stays as it is. One it cannot hold, like text switched to Number, goes blank instead. When the change would clear values, a confirmation says how many first. Click Change type to go ahead; cleared values cannot be brought back.

Good to know

They still exist. A column arriving from an import or an API can be one of them, and it displays and edits normally. The picker leaves them out of a column you build by hand, since Currency already covers the everyday decimal case.
It only survives a change that keeps the same kind of value. Switching to a different kind, like Text to Number, clears the default so an old value never renders wrong on every empty cell.
No. A column’s kind is fixed once it exists. Add a new formula or enrichment column instead, and delete this one if you no longer need it.
Every plain type except Multi-select, Assigned to and Image from URL. Multi-select’s value is a list, not one item; Assigned to is an identity nobody should default; Image from URL has no picture to default to.

Next steps

Add a column

Open the catalog and create any kind of column.

Reference other columns

Point one column at another so it reads its value.